HCG

HCG is a polypeptide hormone produced by the human trophoblast in the developing embryo. It is composed of alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is essentially identical to the alpha subunits of human pituitary gonadotropins: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The beta subunits of these hormones differ in their amino acid sequences. As far as its action is concerned, hCG is virtually identical to the pituitary hormone LH. During the normal menstrual cycle, LH participates with FSH in the development and maturation of the normal ovarian follicle. The mid-cycle LH surge triggers ovulation. hCG is used as a substitute for LH in this function. During a normal pregnancy, hCG secreted by the placenta maintains the corpus luteum after LH secretion decreases. This supports the continued secretion of estrogen and progesterone, thereby preventing menstruation.

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